Fastest method of cleaning river mussels for ID pics?

For context, all mussel specimens are already deceased, I do not kill or take living animals.

Over the course of my many river mussel surveys, I’ve developed a method of cleaning the mussels for ID-ing. The issue is that it’s a painstaking process and often takes days if I’ve filled my bucket with specimens, so I was curious as to how other Unionidae fanatics prepare their mussels because I just feel like there has to be a swifter and less monotonous method other than what I came up with.

I’ll try to describe my process, which has three phases.

Phase 1: Washing

I bring my bucket of uncleaned mussels downstairs and set it on the floor. Then, I get a small bucket filled with clean tapwater that I use to wash the mussels. I clean them one by one by dunking them in the water bucket and carefully rubbing my thumb around the inside and outside of the shell to remove any bio-gunk and/or mud, which sinks to the bottom of the bucket. Washed mussels are placed on a towel spread out on the floor to my right so that they can dry. I repeat this process until all specimens are washed. Note that if both halves of the mussel are intact, I’ll place the complementing shell on top of its “partner” so as to denote one individual. Upon washing all specimens, Phase 1 is completed.

Phase 2: Drying

Phase 2 consists of me waiting for the mussels to dry. I’m not certain how long it takes but I generally leave one day for drying before IDs. If I feel motivated enough I might skip Phase 2 entirely. Generally, the next day (or whenever I feel like doing it) denotes Phase 3.

Phase 3: ID pics via “Batch-20 Method”

Phase 3 starts once I procure my ruler and red cutting board. In batches of 20 individuals taken from the drying process, I take three images of each specimen just above the ruler on top of the red cutting board for a dark background. The three images consist of: one shot of the inside, one shot of the outside, and one shot of the front of the umbo (note that I only recently was aware of the need of the third image). After each of the batch of 20 are photographed, I set them carefully inside labeled and dated bags. This process of 20 specimens yields at least 60 images per batch.

I came up with the Batch-20 Method as a safeguard against both me forgetting an image and iNat bugging out with a massive single upload. In other words, the Batch-20 Method largely prevents any anomalies and assures a clean and concise way to process specimens.

After each batch, I crop and edit the 60 images as needed. I transfer the edited photos to my computer which are then placed in labeled and dated folders from each outing. The batch of 20 are then uploaded to iNat. Phase 3 is repeated until all dried specimens have been photographed and submitted in batches of 20.

I’ve come to call this agonizing process “Shell Hell”. I love doing it but MAN it’s slow. There’s gotta be a better way, right??

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I don’t know anything about cleaning mussels, but we do have some mussel experts here on the forum @thomaseverest @gregorysk @lj_l

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I usually use a toothbrush. I put some dish soap on the mussels and scrub them under some tap water. Apart from that, and taking 6 photos instead of 3, I pretty much follow what you said.

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Can I ask what the 3 extra photos are of?

I try to get all sides (example here). With different photos being needed for different species, I just attach photos of all sides since I don’t know what needs what.

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If you want to good photos of clean shells, you’ll have to put in the work. Not sure there’s a way around that.

Also keep in mind that many freshwater mussels are protected by state and federal laws in the US, so possessing them may be illegal.

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I’ve worried about things like this, is there a way to donate specimens or should I return to where I found them and put them back?

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I would check first with the species that you have. But most museums won’t take specimens nowadays without permits, unless a permit isn’t required. It all depends on the region and species.

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Seconding this. The federal Endangered Species Act is pretty broad in what counts as harm or a “take” of a protected species, and state laws often track that language.

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dish soap ? Surely that is harmful to the mussels ?
But - if dried for a day it is dead anyway ?

Apologies - dead shells !

I never take live mussels, is that still problematic?

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I only do dead shells, so no mussels are harmed!

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“Take” is a legal term of art. It doesn’t mean to take the mussels away from the river. It is a broad term that means any type of harm to the protected species.

https://www.fws.gov/sites/default/files/documents/endangered-species-act-accessible_7.pdf

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I am not sure about mussels specifically, but in most cases it is illegal to possess parts of listed species in the U.S. without appropriate permits. This applies to other groups as well (feathers of most birds in the US, for instance, see: https://www.fws.gov/lab/featheratlas/ )

“Take” (with the meaning of harm/kill) only applies to living organisms, but it is also used in some contexts referring to parts where the collector did not kill the organism (i.e., found it dead). There’s a good overview of issues with listed species in the US here:

https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/national/endangered-species-conservation/protected-species-parts

But basically, you need to check for specific species in your jurisdiction as there are relevant state laws in the US as well.

The intent of laws against possession is generally to discourage killing of live animals for parts (as anyone could claim they just found the part after the fact even if they had killed it, and proving that they had killed a bird for feathers for example could be nearly impossible). In practice, of course, many people have feathers that they picked up, and governments aren’t interested in prosecuting that scenario. So I wouldn’t worry about the case where you accidentally pick up a mussel shell of a listed species (without knowing it), uploading it to iNat, and finding out that you are now in violation of federal law. But in those cases, I wouldn’t make a collection of parts of listed species either (I’d probably return to the collection location the next time I was there).

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check these out.

https://www.inaturalist.org/people/susanhewitt

PHOTO GUIDELINES FOR MOLLUSKS

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https://tpwd.texas.gov/huntwild/wild/wildlife_diversity/texas_nature_trackers/mussel-photography-howells.pdf

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Most of my mussel observations are incidental and i return them to the water after a photo, even for dead shells, so I don’t take the time to clean them, however for the few [empty/dead] shells I’ve worked on it’s been with a soft toothbrush and a little bit of elbow grease. Sometimes I have used dish detergent but usually I don’t. I’ve found that letting the shell dry for a few days before you work on them can help to unstick caked on mud or strong-holding algae.

Reiterating previous replies, make sure to check your local laws beforehand. I can speak as someone working on mussels in Canada, if you are in Canada and find a shell of an endangered or otherwise protected mussel listed on the Species at Risk Act, you can not legally collect the species or any part or derivative of the species without a permit even if it has died. This would extend to empty mussel shells as they are/were a part of the organism.

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Thank you for sharing that link! I really like the idea of the foam block and pvc rings as stabilizers for getting meaningful photos. Is this something one would utilize in the field? Or more of a home documentation process? If people are using these items out on the water in real time I’d love to see some pictures of videos of their setup and process!

I’m almost envisioning a way of securing these items to a “boogy board” type of small floating platform that could be clipped to my waist while I’m in the water and trying to document specimen…