Okay, possible solution here (at least clues): Looking through settings on phone, noticed that under “Settings/Apps/Camera/Camera settings/Format and advanced options/” the toggle for HEIF pictures was set to ON. I turned it OFF, snapped a picture, recorded the observation, and it seems to work as normal. Looking at the files on my device, everything since July 2nd is in HEIC format instead of the typical JPG.
I can provide screenshots if helpful. No idea how the setting got changed, but it looks like a file format issue. (I blame Google :) )