What changes the colour?

Why are some orange, some bold etc., what is the algorithm?

Aarav, please add more context around a question like this. We don’t know what you’re looking at. Please give us a page/observation reference, etc.

Since you posted this in “Forum Feedback”, I’ll assume you’re looking at something on the Forum. Perhaps the replies & viewscolumns (since I don’t see units like h for hours or m for minutes in your screenshot, which would apply to the activity column)?

If so, from what I can find it’s a Discourse (the forum platform) UX/UI feature called “heat”

What does a red reply count mean - Support - Discourse Meta

yup, that’s it!

Glad to help!

Although for future reference, gcwarbler was correct that more context and details are helpful.