They can. Not in Explore, but the Identify module has an option to filter by annotations under “advanced filters”. (They can be accessed in Explore by manipulating the URL, either by finding the filters you want in Identify and deleting the “identify” bit from the URL, or by manually adding the bit of code for life stage etc. to the URL. There’s info on how to do so here: https://forum.inaturalist.org/t/how-to-use-inaturalists-search-urls-wiki-part-1-of-2/63/)
It is currently only possible to disagree with annotations, but not to correct them or suggest an alternative. The best you can do is comment to the observer or annotator asking them to change it. There is an active feature request to make annotations work more like IDs, with a community consensus.