I’m no insect trapping expert, but here are some discussion about the type of light for insect trapping, which you may find it useful: https://www.researchgate.net/post/What_is_the_most_effective_light_source_to_attract_wide_range_of_insects_to_light_traps
https://www.researchgate.net/post/Which_is_a_suitable_bulb_to_trap_insects
Also to answer some of the question (again, not an expert), but UV and blue-ish light are generally recommended for insect trapping and attracting (hence why bug zappers and such have a blue light). You probably won’t need UV protection glasses, since an average human will get their most UV exposure from the Sun anyways (but…doesn’t hurt to get them, if you want to). I think the sheet should be penetrable by light, but your light should probably light up the entire sheet, just in case you missed those “edge” moths.
Hope this helps, good luck with your set up! :)