Does copyright law allow you to restrict use of your observations—the data, this is, not the photos?

Aspects of copyright licensing have been addressed in a few places:
https://forum.inaturalist.org/t/licensing-problem-for-paper-using-inat-data/38480
https://forum.inaturalist.org/t/questions-re-use-of-inaturalist-data-in-research-gbif-exports-licenses-of-observations/21400
https://forum.inaturalist.org/t/provide-separate-checkboxes-for-media-and-observation-data-licensing-upon-sign-up/16404

But it still seems unclear as to what the “observation license” actually covers. Is it meant to cover the fact that a particular species was documented at a particular place and at a particular time (thus one cannot make use of those data if the license prohibits it)? Or is it meant to cover any written comments made in the notes section? Or both?

[Edit added after posting: I take it from reading this thread that this is probably an unsettled legal question. But it may add to everyone’s understanding by defining what “observation data” is.]

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