How to look up observations without a defined location?

You could load your data needed in qGIS (please see this thread: https://forum.inaturalist.org/t/inaturalist-import-v2-0-0-a-qgis-plugin-for-field-naturalists/74611 ) and cross-cut it with the border layer of your monitoring region.

The remaining is the data which is in your region which you can e.g. export back to Excel and review.