no, the system has no inherent way to automatically match 2 observations of the same individual. as an identifier, though, you can look around on the map to see if, say, there other observations similar to one that you’re looking at.
there has been at least one request for new functionality to allow observations to be linked (https://forum.inaturalist.org/t/link-observations/1367), but i think it would still be the case where people would have to link the observations, not some sort of computer algorithm. either way, i don’t think creating such functionality is anywhere near the top of the list of priorities for iNat developers.