I saw an earlier post suggesting that Salix babylonica “tortuosa” might not be a valid name, and should not be used, yet it is included in iNaturalist
(I can’t find it mentioned anywhere in https://powo.science.kew.org/ )
I see quite a few observations for it in Canada, but I’m told the Canadian climate is too cold for Salix babylonica. Is this a contradiction? Does it have a look-alike that Canadian observations of Salix babylonica f. tortuosa should be assigned to?
There are a few other weeping twisted willows like Salix × sepulcralis ‘Erythroflexuosa’ - maybe they’ve been confused with it? I know S. babylonica used to be overrecorded for the hybrid weeping willows (with S. alba and S. x fragilis) here in the UK.
Of the 14 Canadian records I found, all were from right along the border with the US, and either on the West Coast, that I think has a mild climate, or around the Toronto area which is as far south in Canada as you can get, and may also get some urban heat island effect.