Species or subspecies or both - which way to verify?

I coordinate our community science efforts in Surrey (British Columbia, CA not England :slightly_smiling_face:). With so many taxonomic changes happening it’s hard to keep up with the lumping and splitting at times. Though I do get annual updates from our provincial BC Conservation Data Centre (linked to NatureServe). I have 2 questions:

  1. Where is the best place to track taxonomic and or common name changes on iNaturalist? I looked at some archived forum threads, and in the help and taxa info sections on the website. But couldn’t see any specific direction for this.
  1. Linked to the above, in situations where the species and subspecies are still accepted for the same area (example: this recent observation https://inaturalist.ca/observations/242301662) is it better to agree with the sp or the ssp? Does it matter? I note on the BCCDC that it still refers to the species as western toad then makes a mention that “There is only one subspecies found within BC, B. b. boreas.” but does not provide any further information as to whether that has a specific range association. https://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/eswp/speciesSummary.do?id=16554"

thank you in advance!
Pamela Zevit RPBio
Biodiversity Conservation Planner
City of Surrey

For what it’s worth, identifying to subspecies ahs been discussed a lot here: https://forum.inaturalist.org/search?q=subspecies%20%23general

You’ll find a lot of different opinions here. One thing to be aware of is whether a subspecies has protected status. If so, I’d suggest identifying to subspecies, in case it needs to be automatically obscured. For example there are several subspecies of common garter snake in California that are threatened by poaching or disturbance, so it’s best to ID to subspecies. Then they’ll be automatically obscured.

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You can find and filter taxon changes here:
https://www.inaturalist.org/taxon_changes

You can also subscribe to dashboard/email notifications for new taxon changes on observations you follow.

There is no way I know of to track changes in common names.

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the changing of names is accelerating and there isn’t really any effort to accommodate for the impact that has to any users who aren’t taxonomists. Most of what used to be subspecies are now being described as species, which i guess solves one of your questions though it creates a bunch of other problems. Lumping has pretty much stopped but splitting is becoming very rapid and you can’t really hope to keep up wit hthe names on the site, currently. You can use tags to track the names you’re using, that’s about it. Don’t expect iNat to match any regional floras, field guides, past data sheets, or anything like that. It won’t. It’s unfortunately becoming much harder to use for its original purpose of community science, and is sort of morphing into an arm of intensive academic genetic studies.

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Neither way is wrong. My usual rule of thumb is that I go for the species unless the subspecies is adds useful information itself.

No reason putting Vulpes vulpes crucigera in Britain because all the red foxes are that subspecies - it adds nothing, so Vulpes vulpes will do there. But wood spurge, Euphorbia amygdaloides has ssp amygdaloides (rare native!) and ssp robbiae (rare, increasing garden escape!) so tagging it to the subspecies level seems helpful there.

Likewise, Calystegia sepium sepium is extremely common in human disturbed areas and so I almost never tag the subspecies - but then Calystegia sepium roseata has much narrower range and is ‘notable’ enough that I’ll bother with the subspecies. Maybe I should bother with both! But then the UK records scheme has 50,000 records of C. sepium, and only ~8,000 are tagged C. sepium sepium, so I’m not the only one who thinks that way.

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Thanks @tiwane, agreed. That is typically something I look for, or is regionally endemic or peripheral. We don’t have as many automatically obscured fauna here, it’s mostly plants. Even most of the Species at Risk Act listed fauna don’t automatically obscure and some of them are vulnerable to poaching (like western painted turtles). I try to be discerning and do that manually if I know a species/ssp is of conservation concern or vulnerable to poaching or disturbance.

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@thomaseverest, I think that would be too many observations for me to follow :wink:
But now I know where to look for info on the changes when I see something that looks new coming up in the observation ID chain!

You follow every observation you post, ID, or comment on, but you only get one notification per taxon change.

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For this @jeanphilippeb wrote software for a botanical garden in France
https://www.inaturalist.org/journal/jeanphilippeb/99059-software-for-reviewing-and-fixing-a-list-of-species-names

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yeah, i see this a lot with subspecies, like many trees in eastern North America technically have subspecies because a different subspecies grows on one sky island in Mexico, which is really neat to know, but it also seems unnecessary to classify those as subspecies in Vermont which is thousands of miles from Mexico and a totally different climate where those couldn’t even survive here.

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Whether by means of the Agree button or typing in an ID yourself, you should ID something to the level of specificity that you (1) feel (for whatever reason) motivated to, and (2) are confident that the available evidence indicates is correct. The very same rules apply to the same degree to the decision of “should I ID this to genus or species” as apply to “should I ID this to species or subspecies” as apply to “should I ID this to X-rank or to just-below-x rank”.

Personally, I try to capture in my own observations the details necessary for a subspecies identification and I try to look for those details in the observations of others and ID to subspecies when I find them or to species when I don’t. Others, for a variety of reasons, choose not worry about subspecies, either in certain situations or at all. And that’s fine too.

Phytolacca americana has two subspecies: subsp. americana and subsp. rigida. If I remember right, the former occurs throughout the United States, has drooping racemes, and can get quite robust; while the latter occurs only in/around Florida, has erect racemes, and is smaller. I live in Nebraska, which is a very long distance away from Florida. When I’m ID’ing pokeweeds from my own state I look for racemes and when I inevitably find them to be droopoing, I ID them as subsp. americana. If I dont’ find racemes, I think “this is not Florida” and ID them as subsp. americana, but recognize I’m making an assumption there. (If anyone ever tells you you should never do this ever, ask them what up-to-date global monograph of all plants, or toads, or fish, or whatever the thing is, that they use, and maybe share it with me too because I’d love to use it.) Now if ever I find something that fits the description of subsp. rigida or find that it’s range has expanded to include my state or a bordering state (which I do check now and then because I’m a little obsessive), then I’ll go back and re-review my pokeweed IDs and adjust them as appropriate.

On the other hand, there are plenty of similar-looking subspecies out there with much less distance between their known ranges. In situations like that where the observation I’m ID’ing could be a look-alike subspecies that isn’t known from the local area but is known or suspected in bordering areas (I usually use state/province as my threshold), I’ll add an ID of species and explain “this is likely to be X, but could be Y, which is known nearby or suspected to be likely nearby, and you’d need this-or-that detail to confirm what you have observed here”. There are similar-looking species out there too, and again, the same rules apply no matter what rank we’re talking about.

There are some subspecies (and even species) that occur in an area together and are a real pain to differentiate because maybe you have to use some really tiny detail(s) in order to do so, or the detail you’re supposed to look for is like “what the heck does that even mean”. I’m stubborn, so I just take that as an exciting challenge, but again I only ID to the level I can confirm given the evidence available for that individual observation.

On the other hand, there are times where people-from-afar have decided something they found somewhere-not-where-I-live is a subspecies of this-or-that species which previously did not have any subspecies (besides the autonym or nominate subspecies). These I generally find hard to find information about (that is literally and linguistically accessible to me), or more frequently I am just too lazy to seek out that information, and I usually just keep on ID’ing my thing as species and move on. Or if it’s a plant family I’ve already “learned” (context: I’m learning to identify the species of plants that occur in my state family by family), I’ll take the time to track down the information about that new subspecies and incorporate that into my ID flow.

I sense the situation described in the paragraph immediately above this one is the one most similar to what you’re asking about. I usually find out about these just by coincidence. Maybe I’m working on a taxon flag or I’m typing in a species name and I notice in the drop-down menu a bunch of subspecies I’d never noticed before.

I once requested a particular way to discern what observations could conceivably be ID’d to a lower rank but it didn’t get much buy-in – see https://forum.inaturalist.org/t/make-needs-id-independent-of-both-research-grade-and-casual-statuses/.

I suspect that for your needs (granted I’m kind of making some assumptions here) one of these is going to best non-programmatic solutions that is available right now:

As Thomas has since clarified, if you subscribe to notifications for taxon changes on observations you follow, you’ll get one-and-only-one notification when a taxon change occurs for a taxon you have an active ID for, regardless of how many observations of that taxon there are in iNat or how many of them you have an active ID (of that taxon) on.

That only helps you for taxa you have ID’d though. If you want to see all of them, you’d have to regularly review taxon changes, which would probably be cumbersome considering many are likely not to be relevant to the geographic area you care about and as far as I know there’s no way to filter out taxon changes based on the geographic distribution of the underlying taxa, at least not through the user interface.

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Species and subspecies refer to different concepts, completely and incompletely separated lineages respectively, and for this reason can be helpful in different ways. Ideally the finest ID possible is best, because subspecies as a ‘subset’ of a species should help give data for both the species and the subgroup of the species. If you need data for the species as a whole IDing to the ssp. doesn’t change anything. That said, subspecies are often more poorly defined than species, so I often don’t ID to ssp when there is uncertainty regarding the validity of the concerned ssp., and I wouldn’t ID to ssp. with taxa I’m not knowledgeable about. So both IDing to species and subspecies is fine, and often IDing to species and letting the experts take it to subspecies if necessary will avoid confusion. So no it doesn’t matter which rank you ID/agree with, just ID as far as you are comfortable (and obviously make sure not to disagree with previous ssp. IDs if you ID to species unless you think the observation is not of the subspecies).

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