The horror and glory of the undescribed

I am an amature ant fan (citizen myrmecologist, my day job is teaching Computer Science and Mathematics) so when I started getting interested in ants I didn’t really know anything about taxonomy beyond the idea that all of life could fit into a big tree with maybe LUCA at the bottom, and somehow biologists sorted organisms into more and more narrow bins until you got to species.

I was surprised not to find a concise definition (as we’d have in math) for a species, but the idea still made sense. I learned about the ants I liked, raised colonies and eventually learned to identify the ants people bring me all the time because if you like ants people think you know every ant.

But then I got into identifying species and I was shocked to find that many ants are undescribed. And these aren’t ants deep in some mountain cloud forest only one person visits a year. Undescribed ants are everywhere. I was at first horrified, but then fascinated.

I still get a little frustrated when I find an ant in NYC, and it’s a common species and the antiwiki has only two sentences on it. Hasn’t anyone thought to pay a little more attention to this wonderful ant that is shaping our environment?

At the same time the magnitude of the task is staggering. Were this just iAnt and not iNaturalist it’d still be staggering.

(I promise I will help with the flies someday, I’m just busy now…)

I really get a kick when I can I identifiy an undescribed species on iNaturalist.

Recently I noticed a group of ants “stuck at the genus level of ID” this means that no one knows what species they are. I did the research to try to pin down the exact species and hit a wall.

Then I found out from more accomplished myrmecologists that, yes, these ants need to be described. They don’t have a name yet. Isn’t that awesome?

The ant species is in Australia and to write a species description you’d need to collect the ants, or identify them in an existing public collection and write a paper making a case that would pass peer review that these ants don’t fit in any existing species bin. I don’t have the skills to do that yet, and I couldn’t have done this without the field photos on iNaturalist and the help of other users there.

So I’ll leave it to an Aussie to do the rest.

“The rest” isn’t glamorous or easy either. And I think other people have noticed that this ant needed to be described. But I’m still excited and happy to have done some of the puzzle for myself.

Really there are a lot of species that need to be described and not enough people to do this work. It’s not like it pays well… or at all.

Every time I find a new wrinkle it’s so exciting.

Awesome!

Mushrooms face the same dilemma. It’s been estimated that only 10% have described by scientists. That’s not 10% in remote areas like deep in the Amazon rainforest. That’s everywhere!

Until I learned about mushrooms, I thought almost everything was known and named. Not so! There is still so much to discover!

I hadn’t been using iNat for long when I observed a bug which turned out to be undescribed:

https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/41748970

A couple of years later I picked up a stick that had a few slugs on it, and it turned out the slugs were also undescribed:

https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/136134917

I don’t know what the ants you were referring to are, but I have lots of observations of Australian ants that are only IDed to genus. Whether that’s due to them being undescribed or to the poor quality of my photos, I don’t know!

This was about Prolasius.

Sorry, I’ve never seen one of them.

Maybe you already know about this, but specifically for ants there is an observation field to mark/name undescribed species. ( https://www.inaturalist.org/observation_fields/15171 ) many of the undescribed species are somewhat well known and have an informal name that they can be referred to while we wait for someone to describe them properly. “Camponotus us-ca02” even has more than 400 observations on inat

Thousands to millions of undescribed insects need attention: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1283.172693

To me, being a naturalist is ‘only’ a hobby, too. The idea of discovering new species is very thrilling, but once I do find them, it gets rather frustrating. You see, I only take pictures and I don’t collect anything. So when it becomes clear that the organism in my photo is an undescribed species, I have no way of ever identifying it, until a real scientist finds a new specimen (or a pinned one in an old collection) and formally describes it.

To me, that’s the ‘horror and glory’. It’s great to find undescribed species, but as an amateur, you’re then left with photos of organisms that cannot be identified.

I wait for our Table Mountain strawberry spider to be described. That was CNC22. We have 8 obs on the Cape Peninsula …The 2 described sp are both in Europe.
But we do have a related, and described in 1904 from the Cape Flats sp – while Table Mountain waits.

Here is an example of how I run though every existing ant in a genus to verify that an ant is undescribed. I don’t know if anyone has numbered the Prolasius undescribed ants but I did find a paper that mentioned there were “several”

https://www.inaturalist.org/journal/myrmepropagandist/134490-prolasius-mystery-species

Before I came to my senses and became a teacher I was a database manager. Mostly designing tables for companies so they could start e-commerce platforms. Now I have found the “Ultimate Challenge”

There a few projects which might appeal to you
https://www.inaturalist.org/projects/undescribed-species-on-inaturalist
https://www.inaturalist.org/projects/undescribed-australian-animal-taxa
https://www.inaturalist.org/projects/undescribed-species-on-inaturalist-umbrella

And this
https://www.inaturalist.org/projects/undescribed-australian-ants

yes … before we loose them all

ah - one of my first working tasks in real life job was designing a database for humans mammals species (aka HRcandidate platforms) - like you I find myself drawn to description annotation etc even if I do not really believe in our occidental categorization based kowledge systems …hmmmmm

As a school nurse by “trade”/job I love to spend my extra time trying to ID the smaller things that you can observe, from thrips to lichens to tiny plants and arthropods (mostly insects though) I’ve really enjoyed this year getting better camera gear because it is helping open my eyes to all the tiny things that I’ve glossed over. It is still a process getting through all of my IDs but I love when I stumble on something that may be new.
This last week someone ID’d one of my crane fly obs as one of the craneflys that has no other obs. and they shared some articles about them too. ( https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/387424490#activity_identification_facba8be-9dad-418f-ad9c-29455a2646a3 )
But I really do love how iNat has pooled together so many outdoors/wilderness people. Thank you iNat and Thank you for all the ant enthusiasm!

According to some estimates about 99% of microsporidian species are undescribed. For nematodes the figure might be only 95%.

Hmm, I’ve always wanted to spot an undescribed species… maybe i need to start paying more attention to ants! Thank you!