iNaturalist’s taxonomy model won’t support this, at least for plants in the way you suggest. It uses a Linnean approach of species classification.
There is no Linnean or taxonomic concept of ‘tree’. Trees belong to many different families. Some of your examples do exist, you can enter butterflies or beetles or mammalsetc as a choice to id or search for because these are discrete taxonomic concepts from the Linnean tree of life. Cactuswould be there as it is a discrete taxonomic family.
To create concepts like tree or vine however would require a complete redesign of how the site manages tazxonomy.