How to exclude introduced species from a query result

The following query returns all species of plants (with flower) observed in Vermont from January to May:

https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?introduced=false&captive=false&hrank=species&month=1,2,3,4&order=asc&order_by=observed_on&place_id=47&term_id=12&term_value_id=13&verifiable=any&view=species

However, some introduced species are included in the list despite the parameter introduced=false. How do I exclude ALL introduced species from the list? TIA

Adding &native=true seems to do it.

https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?introduced=false&captive=false&hrank=species&month=1,2,3,4&order=asc&order_by=observed_on&place_id=47&term_id=12&term_value_id=13&verifiable=any&view=species&native=true

Read more about it here:
https://forum.inaturalist.org/t/how-to-use-inaturalists-search-urls-wiki-part-1-of-2/63#heading--taxon--status
The native and introduced search terms don’t always seem to work in an intuitive way.

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&introduced=false finds taxa set to unknown, native, or endemic.
&native=true finds taxa set to native or endemic

Then why does adding both &native=true &introduced=false results in unknown, native, or endemic?

Yeah, I agree, it doesn’t make any sense, but it works for me! :-)

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Just keep in mind that there are a lot of native species on a lot of place checklists where Establishment Means is currently at the default “unknown” setting, and hasn’t yet been updated to “native” or “endemic.”

Using &native=true will exclude introduced taxa, but it will also exclude “unknown” taxa, some of which are really native.

So &native=true is not guaranteed to return a complete set of all native observations. It depends on the community maintaining and updating Establishment Means in place checklists.

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After playing around with this some more, I’ve concluded that &native=true does not do what I want. The documentation suggests that &introduced=false finds taxa set to unknown, native, or endemic. I assume that’s equivalent to not introduced but it doesn’t seem to work that way. What am I doing wrong?

The query string at the very top of this thread (with parameter introduced=false) lists the following 7 introduced species:

https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/167599-Pulmonaria-officinalis
https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/862704-Scilla-siberica
https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/68357-Scilla-forbesii
https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/55851-Lamium-purpureum
https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/56121-Capsella-bursa-pastoris
https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/126637-Hyacinthus-orientalis
https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/711086-Pilosella-caespitosa

If I remove the parameter introduced=false from the query string, 24 additional introduced species are listed. I won’t list them here but here is the URL:

https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?captive=false&hrank=species&month=1,2,3,4&order=asc&order_by=observed_on&place_id=47&term_id=12&term_value_id=13&verifiable=any&view=species

I would expect none of the 31 introduced species to be listed when the parameter introduced=false is added to the query string. Is this a bug?

I haven’t dug to the root of the problem, but I think the issue is that those taxa are marked introduced on the Vermont checklist, but not on the observations. For example, https://api.inaturalist.org/v1/observations/1441185

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I’m pretty sure this is leftover from the bug where changing the establishment means didn’t automatically re-index observations. That’s been fixed, but the fix wasn’t retroactive.

https://forum.inaturalist.org/t/how-to-use-inaturalists-search-urls-wiki-part-1-of-2/63/320

I re-indexed the observations that were causing problems for your particular search, but if you change the search parameters, for example by adding May, you’ll get more introduced species.

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Thanks for the explanation. It helps to know that I’m using the parameters correctly.

Why haven’t all observations been re-indexed? Are there just too many of them?

That would be my guess.

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