Here in Pennsylvania, it’s definitely belief in a self-sustaining wild mountain lion population that’s being covered up by a state government conspiracy. If you’re not from this part of the world, you might be shocked by how adamant people are about this. “I see mountain lions around here” is a personality trait, with whole online communities dedicated to people sharing their stories and opining on why the Pennsylvania Game Commission is covering up the truth- pretty much a bigfoot-hunter style community is the best comparison I can think of.
To be clear, I’m not talking about an occasional escaped pet puma (which is a thing) or a very rare occurrence of a stray mountain lion from the West (which did happen at least once, but the poor cat was caught repeatedly on trail cams and traffic cams before ultimately being killed on a road in Connecticut, collected, DNA-tested, and tracked to the Black Hills population, without any shadow government interference. Looks like it even made it onto iNat! warning: dead puma in observation: https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/8170860).
The conspiracy theory is either that the nittany lion never went extinct and the government knows about them being here but wants it to stay a secret so they don’t have to manage them, or a variation that the state government introduced them here and things went awry and now they cover up the continuing population to hide their horrible mistake.
Either way, the lack of roadkill specimens is because the government scoops them all up and hides them (“I saw a roadkill one on my way home from work one day and then by the evening it was disappeared by government agents!” say an army of people who somehow never thought to get a sample when they saw it lying there).
Trail cam images are shared ad nauseum on online forums which either clearly show house cats, show blob-cats with no identifying features, show actual mountain lions but never with any identifiable foliage around them to prove they were taken in the eastern USA, or straight up show a puma with ponderosa pine trees or mesquite in the pictures to make it clear that they weren’t taken anywhere near here.
I once asked someone with a “blob cat” pic who said “THIS THING WAS HUGE!!” to send me pictures of deer from the same trail cam and superimposed the two images to demonstrate that the cat was barely up to the deer’s knee height… the guy’s response? “That’s a baby mountain lion!”
If you suggest to an “eyewitness” that they might be mistaken about the size of a cat they saw, they give the “I KNOW WHAT I SAW” speech, tell you you’re a government-believing sheeple, and harumph back to their echo chamber of true believers. I honestly think it’s both one of the weirdest and most pointless conspiracy theories ever, but it’s also a fascinating study of the power of motivated reasoning, the fallibility of human memory, confirmation bias, and radicalization through internet echo chambers.
I teach in a public school, and I honestly think I’d get in less trouble for questioning a student’s religion than I would for saying “your dad probably didn’t really see a mountain lion”.
So that’s my favorite local animal myth- one spread not by simple ignorance but by active evangelizing from a small group of people for whom the myth is very, very real.